In the standard short format for identifying professional baseball clubs in the U.S., St. Louis (NA) means the "St. Louis" club in the "NA" league. That format is common only in a context where it is unambiguous, either because the combination is unique in baseball history or because context implies a time, even a specific season, when the combination was unique.
For the 1875 season, two baseball club based in St. Louis, Missouri joined the "NA" league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. The two clubs are commonly called "Brown Stockings" and "Red Stockings" but neither of those is so well-established to make "St. Louis (NA)" unambiguous. The latter should only be used to designate one club in prose by a writer who explicitly introduces another term for the other club.
St. Louis Red Stockings
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The Red Stockings club is not directly related with the St. Louis Cardinals of the National League other than the choice of team color.
As with many teams of that era, the teams' nicknames and colors were inspired by the Cincinnati Red Stockings, the first openly professional baseball team, which garnered much public interest due to an undefeated streak during a barnstorming tour in 1869-1870.
On Independence Day 1875, the Chicago Tribune called the two teams "St. Louis" and "Red Stockings" in the standings; the former being "St. Louis" or "Browns" or "Brown Stockings" in prose and the latter being "Reds" in a game score (St Louis Reds 8, Washingtons 0).[1] In a box score and game story, the Chicago White Stockings and St. Louis Brown Stockings are mainly Whites and Browns (noun) or White and Brown (adjective).
Because the St. Louis Brown Stockings continued as a charter member of the National League and completed two seasons there (1876-1877), theirs is the more important place in baseball history. Probably for that reason, the Brown Stockings usually get "STL", nearly standard as a three-letter abbreviation for "St. Louis" in baseball encyclopedias, where space is severely at a premium. For example, Pete Palmer uses "STL" for the Brown Stockings and "RS" for the Red Stockings in print (see Total Baseball or the new Baseball Encyclopedia); Baseball-Reference uses "STL" and "SLR" online.